What exactly should the medical examination check

by 人生
December 10, 2021

Part 1. Items that healthy young people must check

According to the "Resonance 醫療健康服務 of Experts on Basic Health Examination Projects", experts recommend that the medical examination projects adopt the 1+X model, that is, basic projects (required) + special inspections (optional). The basic project is the most basic examination to evaluate the health of the individual, and the special examination is to develop a personalized professional screening project based on the individual's family history, past history, and risk factors.

Today, let’s first talk about the most basic projects for health checkups. It may be almost the case for health young people with no family history to do these projects. In the next article, we will talk about how to conduct personalized screening in detail.

The basic project includes three categories: physical examination, laboratory examination and auxiliary examination. Physical examination includes two parts: general examination and physical examination.

ordinary inspection

Common checks include height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and pulse.

When talking about the risk factors of hypertension, the definition of hypertension was mentioned. How to monitor at home, based on the body quality index (BMI) that can be calculated by height and weight, and the waist-to-hip ratio that can be calculated by waist and hips, to evaluate whether it has reached the abdominal shape The standard of obesity, welcome to jump to the article on hypertension to view BMI calculation, the hazards of overweight and obesity, and the correct method of measuring waist circumference. Just a little quote here.

Adult overweight is defined as BMI ≥ 25, obesity is defined as BMI ≥ 30, and abdominal obesity is defined as: male waist circumference ≥90 cm, female waist circumference ≥85 cm. Persistent abnormal BMI can prevent 5.8% of major coronary heart disease events, 4.5% of cerebral infarctions, and 34.4% of type 2 diabetes.

Physical inspection

Physical examination (it has nothing to do with physics, pure literal translation) includes internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, stomatology, gynecology, etc.

This part of the examination is therefore carried out by doctors in various departments with stethoscopes, small hammers, and other specialties. It is also a part that can easily be handled carelessly in ordinary medical examinations. Whether the medical examination doctor is serious depends on how many people are welcome and the personal position of the individual. Because there are many healthy people under examination and there are many queues, some doctors will rely on "Anyway, most of the people who come for the medical examination have no problems. And they don't know what I'm doing" and just passed by casually. Now I will tell you what this part does and what kind of information can be obtained after the examination. However, I will not explain everything. It will be a diagnostics lecture. Only a few examples will explain the physical examination. significance.

Surgical examination mainly includes examination of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and nervous systems. The doctor judges whether there are characteristics of certain diseases through surface, hearing, touch, and percussion. For example, check the thorax for barrel chest (chronic congestive pneumonia), spider nevus (chronic liver disease), and palpate the gallbladder area Whether there is tenderness (cholecystitis), percussion on whether the border of the heart is enlarged (cardiomyopathy), percussion on the abdomen for ascites, auscultation of wet rales in the lungs (inflammation of the lungs), auscultation of the heart (premature beats), valve area murmurs (heart valves) Disease) and so on.